Integrasi Skema Pembiayaan, Kebijakan Publik, dan Konsesi Dalam Keberhasilan Proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta–Bandung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30742/axial.v14i1.5100Abstract
Proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta–Bandung (KCJB) merepresentasikan tonggak penting pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi modern di Indonesia. Proyek ini menghadapi tantangan utama pada pembiayaan, kebijakan, dan keberlanjutan operasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur, analisis dokumen, dan wawancara untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pembiayaan, konsesi, efisiensi biaya, dan keberhasilan proyek. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 42 kode tematik, dengan pembiayaan sebagai faktor dominan sebesar 43% (18 kode), diikuti kebijakan 26% (11 kode) dan konsesi 19% (8 kode), sehingga faktor non-teknis mencapai 88%. Sebanyak 80% informan menyatakan bahwa keterlambatan arus kas menjadi penyebab utama inefisiensi, yang memicu idle cost dan keterlambatan konstruksi. Proyek juga mengalami cost overrun sekitar 20% yang menurunkan kelayakan investasi. Dari sisi kebijakan, tidak adanya lembaga permanen menyebabkan koordinasi tidak optimal. Dari sisi konsesi, kontrak 50 tahun tidak cukup adaptif terhadap perubahan biaya. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi pembiayaan, kebijakan, dan konsesi menjadi kunci keberhasilan proyek, sehingga diperlukan reformasi pembiayaan, penguatan kelembagaan, dan konsesi yang lebih fleksibel
References
China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (2018). China’s high-speed rail development. China Railway Corporation.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Dell’Isola, A. J. (1997). Value engineering: Practical applications for design, construction, maintenance and operations. RSMeans.
Department of Economic Affairs (India) — PPP Cell & partners. (2014). Developing a framework for renegotiation of PPP contracts.
European Investment Bank / European PPP Expertise Centre. (2014). Managing PPPs during their contract life: A guidance note for public sector procurers. European Investment Bank. https://www.eib.org/en/publications/epec-managing-ppps-during-their-contract-life
Flyvbjerg, B. (2020). The law of regression to the tail: How to survive COVID-19, the climate crisis, and other disasters. Environmental Science & Policy, 114, 614–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.08.013
Flyvbjerg, B., Holm, M. K. S., & Buhl, S. L. (2002). Underestimating costs in public works projects: Error or lie? Journal of the American Planning Association, 68(3), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360208976273
Guasch, J. L. (2004). Granting and renegotiating infrastructure concessions: Doing it right. World Bank Institute. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/678041468765605224/granting-and-renegotiating-infrastructure-concessions-doing-it-right
Hu, X., Duan, J., & Li, R. (2022). Research on high-speed railway pricing and financial sustainability. Sustainability, 14(3), 1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031239
International Finance Corporation. (2019). Emerging market green bonds report 2019. International Finance Corporation. https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/mgrt/202005-em-green-bonds-report-2019.pdf
Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan tentang Penyelenggaraan Perkeretaapian. Kementerian Perhubungan.
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678
Nurudin, M., & Huda, M. (2020). Identifikasi Risiko Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Gedung Bertingkat Milik Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. axial : Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Konstruksi, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.30742/axial.v8i2.1031
Oxford Business Group. (2019). Private sector plans to improve Indonesian transport connectivity. Oxford Business Group. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/indonesia/2019-report/economy/results-oriented-ambitious-plans-to-improve-connectivity-are-being-supported-by-private-sector-participation-though-some-projecsts-still-face-financing-constraints-and-structural-challenges
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
Republik Indonesia. (2016). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Percepatan Pelaksanaan Proyek Strategis Nasional.
Rozenberg, J., & Fay, M. (Eds.). (2019). Beyond the gap: How countries can afford the infrastructure they need while protecting the planet. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/189471550755819133
Sacks, R., Eastman, C., Lee, G., & Teicholz, P. (2018). BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, designers, engineers, contractors, and facility managers (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119287568
Salim, I. P., Simanjuntak, M. R. A., & Sulistio, H. (2023). Analisis kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengembangan kereta cepat di Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap manajemen proyek. Wahana Teknik Sipil, 28(1), 115–130.
Salim, I. P., Simanjuntak, M. R. A., & Sulistio, H. (2024). Analisis dampak konsensi terhadap kelayakan proyek perkeretaapian. Wahana Teknik Sipil, 29(1), 1–20.
Sugiyono. (2010). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sukmadinata, N. S. (2011). Metode penelitian pendidikan. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Utsunomiya, M., & Hodota, K. (2011). Financial lessons from Asian experience in constructing and operating high-speed train networks. Transportation, 38(5), 753–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-011-9358-1
Yang, X., Li, M., Zhang, R., Hua, G., & Shang, X. (2020). Research on risk allocation of high-speed rail PPP project based on bank perspective: The Weifang high-speed rail PPP project in Shandong province as an example. In M. Li, M. Dresner, R. Zhang, G. Hua, & X. Shang (Eds.), Proceedings of IEIS2019. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9408-6_8
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
