KAJIAN MEKANISME KELONGSORAN GALIAN TANAH RESIDUAL DAN STABILISASINYA MENGGUNAKAN PAKU TANAH: STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN TOL TRANS-SUMATERA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30742/axial.v14i2.5622Keywords:
tanah residual, paku tanah, longsor, stabilitas lerengAbstract
Kelongsoran lereng terjadi pada ruas Jalan Tol Trans-Sumatera berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan terhadap keselamatan pengguna dan operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme kelongsoran pada tanah residual tropis serta penggunaan paku tanah sebagai solusi stabilisasi lereng. Obeservasi lapangan, penyelidikan tanah lapangan, dan uji laboratorium dilaksanakan pada awal studi untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik fisis serta mineralogi tanah. Metode kesetimbangan batas Morgenstern-Price dilakukan untuk analisis balik sehingga diketahui mekanisme kelongsoran dan parameter tanah saat kejadian longsor. Berbagai skenario perkuatan diuji, mulai dari pelandaian lereng, penambahan saluran subdrain, hingga penggunaan paku tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi studi didominasi oleh tanah residual dengan mineralogi berupa kaolinite dan illite. Mekanisme kelongsoran dipicu oleh infiltrasi air hujan yang menurunkan tegangan air pori negatif dan kekuatan geser tanah secara drastis. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode pelandaian lereng maupun penambahan subdrain saja belum cukup untuk mencapai faktor keamanan minimum. Namun, kombinasi pelandaian lereng, pemasangan subdrain, dan penggunaan paku tanah efektif terhitung dapat meningkatkan angka keamanan hingga memenuhi kriteria desain. Penggunaan paku tanah yang menembus bidang gelincir hingga ke lapisan tanah yang stabil merupakan solusi efektif dalam menangani kelongsoran pada tanah residual tropis. Sistem pemantauan berupa inklinometer diajukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja mitigasi longsor.
References
Bishop, A. W. (1955). The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slopes. Géotechnique, 5(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.1.7
Blight, G. E., & Leong, E. C. (Eds.). (2012). Mechanics of Residual Soils (2nd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12014
Cruden, D. M., & Varnes, D. J. (1996). Landslide Types and Processes. In A. K. Turner & R. L. Schuster (Eds.), Landslides investigation and mitigation (pp. 36–75). Transportation Research Board, US National Research Council.
Das, B. M., & Sobhan, K. (2018). Principles of Geotechnical Engineering (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Departemen Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah. (2002). Panduan Geoteknik 4: Timbunan Jalan pada Tanah Lunak (Pedoman Kimpraswil No: Pt T-10-2002-B). Departemen Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah.
Fookes, P. G. (Ed.). (1997). Tropical Residual Soils: A Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Revised Report. Geological Society of London.
Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H., & Fredlund, M. D. (2012). Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118280492
Hakim, A. M., Rifan, M., & Sahadewa, A. (2025). Analisis Perkuatan Soil Nailing Pada Lereng Sungai Ciliwung di Area Lapangan Tembak Kopassus Cijantung. Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil, 8(3), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v8i3.32627
Hakim, A. M., Satria, T. W., & Sahadewa, A. (2025). Studi Parametrik Analisis Kestabilan Lereng dengan Soil Nailing pada Sungai Ciliwung Area Bangunan Komplek Kopassus. Axial : Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Konstruksi, 13(3), 290–296. https://doi.org/10.30742/axial.v13i3.5007
Iftikhar, A. A., & Artati, H. K. (2024). Finite Element Modelling of Soil Nailing Inclination Effect on Slope Stability: Cibeureum Slope Case Study. Teknisia, 29(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/teknisia.vol29.iss1.art2
International Union of Geological Sciences Working Group on Landslides. (1995). A Suggested Method for Describing the Rate of Movement of a Landslide. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 52(1), 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602683
Janbu, N. (1954). Application of Composite Slip Surface for Stability Analysis. European Conference on Stability of Earth Slopes, 43–49.
Janbu, N. (1973). Slope Stability Computations. In R. C. Hirschfeld & S. J. Poulos (Eds.), Embankment Dam Engineering: Casagrande Volume (pp. 47–86). John Wiley and Sons.
Krisnanto, S., & Rahardjo, H. (2021). Characteristics of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Cisokan Region, Indonesia. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 53(5), 210504. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.5.4
Lazarte, C. A., Robinson, H., Gómez, J. E., Baxter, A., Cadden, A., & Berg, R. (2015). Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 7 Soil Nail Walls - Reference Manual. National Highway Institute U.S. Department of Transportation-Federal Highway Administration.
Meng, G.-H., & Chu, J. (2011). Shear Strength Properties of a Residual Soil in Singapore. Soils and Foundations, 51(4), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.51.565
Mina, E., Sengara, I. W., & Krisnanto, S. (2025). Unsaturated Soil Characteristics of Residual Soil in Indonesia. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 52(9), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.9.5
Morgenstern, N. R., & Price, V. E. (1965). The Analysis of the Stability of General Slip Surfaces. Géotechnique, 15(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1965.15.1.79
Morgenstern, N. R., & Price, V. E. (1967). A Numerical Method for Solving the Equations of Stability of General Slip Surfaces. Computer Journal, 9, 388–393. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/9.4.388
Morin, W. J., & Todor, P. C. (1975). Laterite and Lateritic Soils and Other Problem Soils of the Tropics: An Engineering Evaluation and Highway Design Study for United States (Vol. 2). U.S. Agency for International Development.
Okkels, N. (2019). Modern Guidelines for Classification of Fine Soils. Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE-2019 Geotechnical Engineering Foundation of the Future. https://doi.org/doi:10.32075/17ECSMGE-2019-0651
Phan, T. T. T., & Gui, M. W. (2019). Soil Nailing Behaviour for Slope Stabilization: A Case Study. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering GEOTROPIKA 2019, 527(1), 12037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/527/1/012037
Public Works Research Institute. (2007). Landslide Prevention Technical Guidelines.
Salamah, M. D. L., Jitno, H., Lestari, I. F., Marsa, N. A. I., & Hanjani, A. (2026). Characterization and Shear Strength Evaluation of Sensitive Volcanic Residual Soils in West Java. Indonesian Geotechnical Journal, 5(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.56144/igj.v5i1.144
Spencer, E. (1967). A Method of analysis of the Stability of Embankments Assuming Parallel Inter-Slice Forces. Géotechnique, 17(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1967.17.1.11
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2017). Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8460: Persyaratan Perancangan Geoteknik. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Van der Merwe, D. H. (1964). The Prediction of Heave from the Plasticity Index and the Percentage Clay Fraction of Soils. The Civil Engineer in South Africa, 103–107.
Wesley, L. D. (2010). Geotechnical Engineering in Residual Soils. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470943113
Wilson, M. J. (1999). The Origin and Formation of Clay Minerals in Soils: Past, Present and Future Perspectives. Clay Minerals, 34(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1180/000985599545957
Zhu, D. Y., Lee, C. F., Qian, Q. H., & Chen, G. R. (2005). A Concise Algorithm for Computing the Factor of Safety using the Morgenstern-Price Method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42(1), 272–278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/t04-072
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
