Comparison Effect of Garlic and Bitter Melon Extracts on Kidney Histopathology in Hyperglycemic White Rats

Rafidah Nur Hidayati; Noer Kumala Indahsari; Ayu Cahyani Noviana

doi:10.30742/jikw.v15i1.4943

Authors

Rafidah Nur Hidayati Wijaya Kusuma University
Noer Kumala Indahsari Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2932-3273
Ayu Cahyani Noviana Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v15i1.4943

Keywords:

allium sativym, momordica charantia, rattus novergicus

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can cause kidney damage through oxidative stress and tubular cell degeneration. Garlic (Allium sativum) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia) are known to possess antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects that may improve kidney tissue damage. Objective: To determine and compare the effects of garlic and bitter melon extracts on the kidney histopathology of hyperglycemic white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This laboratory experimental study employed a post-test only control group design using 24 rats divided into four groups: normal control, hyperglycemic control, garlic extract treatment, and bitter melon extract treatment. Kidney histopathological examination was conducted using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Results: Administration of garlic and bitter melon extracts showed improvement in kidney structure, indicated by decreased tubular cell degeneration and necrosis compared to the hyperglycemic control group. The improvement effect was more prominent in the garlic extract group. Conclusion: Both garlic and bitter melon extracts have protective effects against kidney damage induced by hyperglycemia, with the garlic extract showing the most significant improvement.

Author Biographies

Rafidah Nur Hidayati, Wijaya Kusuma University

Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya, Indonesia1, Departement of Biochemistry, Fakultas of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya2 Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya3, Departement of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya4.

Noer Kumala Indahsari, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Biochemistry Department

Ayu Cahyani Noviana, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Public Health Department

References

Ariqoh, D. N., Novitasari, D., Adriani, P., Kurniasih, N. A., Kesehatan, F., Bangsa, U. H., Tengah, J., Goeteng, R. D., & Purbalingga, T. (2022).

Manajemen hiperglikemia untuk mengatasi masalah risiko ketidakstabilan kadar glukosa darah penderita DMT2. Jurnal Altifani Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 2(4), 378–386. https://doi.org/10.25008/altifani.v2i4.264

Batiha, G. E. S., Beshbishy, A. M., Wasef, L. G., Elewa, Y. H. A., Al-Sagan, A. A.,El-Hack, M. E. A., Taha, A. E., Abd-Elhakim, Y. M., & Devkota, H. P. (2020). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review. Nutrients, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030872

Devi, Y. P., & Cita, H. M. (2023). Hiperglikemia berhubungan dengan tekanan darah penderita diabetes melitus tipe II dengan hipertensi di Puskesmas Dinoyo Malang. Nursing News: Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 7(2).

Dewi, N. H., Rustiawati, E., & Sulastri, T. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hiperglikemia pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUD Dr. Radjat Prawiranegara Serang. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 6(2), 143-160. https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jik/article/download/14360/8620

Hermala, N., Rustiawati, E., & Sulastri, T. (2022). Diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Jambi Medical Journal: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 7(2), 151-160. https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/kedokteran/article/view/8017

Islam, M. S., Okoduwa, S. I. R., James, D. B., & Inuwa, H. M. (2017). Appropriate insulin level in selecting fortified diet-fed, streptozotocin- treated rat model of type 2 diabetes for anti-diabetic studies. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0170971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170971

Jain, D. K., & Arya, R. K. (2011). Anomalies in alloxan-induced diabetic model: It is better to standardize it first. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 43(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.75674

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Penderita penyakit ginjal pada pasien diabetes dan hipertensi.

Kumar, A., Mishra, A., & Sharma, P. (2021). Antidiabetic and nephroprotective potential of medicinal plants: A review. Phytomedicine Reviews, 8(2), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153209

Lee, M. J., Kim, S. H., & Park, J. H. (2022). Hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular damage: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Journal of Nephrology Research, 14(3), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.14740/jnrx234

Lenzen, S. (2008). The mechanisms of alloxan-and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia, 51(2), 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0886-7

Lestari, S. R., Lukiati, B., Arifah, S. N., Alimah, A. R. N., & Gofur, A. (2019). Medicinal uses of single garlic in hyperlipidemia by fatty acid synthase enzyme inhibitory: Molecular docking. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 276 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755- 1315/276/1/012008

Lotfi, F., Ziamajidi, N., Abbasalipourkabir, R., Goodarzi, M. T., & Asl, S. S. (2021). Impacts of garlic extract on testicular oxidative stress and sperm characteristics in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats: An experimental study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 19(10), 929-942. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i10.9825

Majewski, M. (2014). Allium sativum: Facts and myths regarding human health. Rocznik Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 65(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263431830

Mostafavinia, A., Amini, A., Ghorishi, S. K., Pouriran, R., & Bayat, M. (2016). The effects of dosage and the routes of administrations of streptozotocin and alloxan on induction rate of type 1 diabetes mellitus and mortality rate in rats. Laboratory Animal Research, 32(3), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2016.32.3.160

Moutia, M., Habti, N., & Badou, A. (2018). In vitro and in vivo immunomodulator activities of Allium sativum L. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4984659

Pratiwi, R., & Puradewa, E. (2014). Penentuan aktivitas peredaman radikal bebas ekstrak etanol dan fraksi bawang putih. Jurnal Kimia, 8(2), 45- 52.

Putri, S. I., Dewi, T. D., & Metro, A. K. D. W. (2023). Implementation of slow deep breathing on fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients in HD room of RSUD Jendral Ahmad Yani Metro in 2022. Jurnal Cendikia Muda, 3(2).

Rosvita, R., & Puradewa, E. (2021). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dan fraksi bawang putih. Jurnal Kimia, 15(1), 67-74.

Tiurma, J. R. (2021). Obesitas sentral dengan kejadian hiperglikemia pada pegawai satuan kerja perangkat daerah. HIGEIA: Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia/v5i3/39786

Setiawati, F. (2012). Uji efek ekstrak etanol 70% buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi aloksan. Skripsi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Retrieved from https://eprints.ums.ac.id/22757/

Szkudelski, T. (2001). The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiological Research, 50(6), 537–546.

Wang, Y., Sun, W., & Kong, X. (2020). Inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic kidney disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Diabetes & Inflammation Journal, 5(1), 22–31.

Wijayanti, R., & Rosyid, A. (2015). The effect of garlic bulb skin extract on blood glucose levels in male rats induced with alloxan. Retrieved from https://repository.unair.ac.id/108510/

Yuniastuti, A., Susanti, R., & Iswari, R. S. (2018). Efek infusa umbi garut (Marantha arundinaceae L) terhadap kadar glukosa dan insulin plasma tikus yang diinduksi streptozotocyn. Jurnal MIPA, 41(1), 34- 39. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/JM/article/download/15874/8343