Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of Fe3O4/AC-GOx Nanocomposite-Modified Electrodes as Glucose Biosensor Candidates

Bulkis Kanaya; Dea Berliana Ramadhani; Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz; Nurul Hidayat; Markus Diantoro; Ahmad Taufiq

doi:10.30742/jikw.v15i2.5549

Authors

Bulkis Kanaya Universitas Negeri Malang
Dea Berliana Ramadhani Universitas Negeri Malang
Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz Universiti Teknologi Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-973X
Nurul Hidayat Universitas Negeri Malang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-4884
Markus Diantoro Universitas Negeri Malang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-3702
Ahmad Taufiq Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, 65145, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v15i2.5549

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease and a major global health problem, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and potentially leading to serious complications and death. Therefore, accurate and efficient blood glucose monitoring is essential. Objective: This study aimed to develop a glucose biosensor based on a Fe₃O₄/AC-(GOx) nanocomposite using an electrochemical method. Methods: The Fe₃O₄/AC nanocomposite was synthesized using the coprecipitation method, with natural iron sand and coconut-shell-derived carbon as the main precursors. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetic characterization. The Fe₃O₄/AC-GOx nanocomposite was then applied to a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for electrochemical evaluation. Results: XRD and FTIR characterization confirmed the formation of the Fe₃O₄/AC nanocomposite and the presence of characteristic Fe–O and carbon-based functional groups. SEM analysis showed an irregular morphology with a tendency to agglomerate and an average particle size of 48.05 nm. The nanocomposite exhibited a saturation magnetization of 9.26 emu/g, with low coercivity and remanent magnetization. The Fe₃O₄/AC-GOx-modified SPCE showed a higher current response than the bare SPCE, indicating improved electrochemical activity. However, glucose-dependent responses and analytical performance parameters have not yet been evaluated. Conclusion: The Fe₃O₄/AC-GOx-modified SPCE shows potential for further development as a glucose biosensor, although systematic analytical validation is still required.

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