Jalur Sinyal dan Metabolisme Endocannabinoid: Tinjauan Pustaka
Abstract
Efek biologis dari tumbuhan Cannabis Sativa dimediasi oleh dua buah reseptor dari kelompok G-protein coupled receptor; reseptor cannabinoid 1 (CB1R) dan 2 (CB2R). CB1R lebih banyak didapatkan pada Susunan Saraf Pusat dan berhubungan dengan pemberian terapi pada gangguan neuropsikologis dan penyakit neurodegeneratif. Selain itu endocannabinoid juga memodulasi jalur tranduksi sinyal dan menimbulkan efek pada jaringan perifer. Meskipun cannabionoid memiliki efek terapeutik, tetapi efek psikoaktifnya menyebabkan terbatasnya penggunaan endocannabionoid dalam praktek klinis. Namun kemajuan terkini dalam distribusi fisiologis dan pengaturan fungsional dari endocannabinoid memungkinkan adanya penelitian eksploitasi penggunaan endocannabionoid sebagai bahan terapeutik serta pengembangan obat baru dengan keunggulan farmakologis. Pada tinjauan pustaka ini, kami meninjau secara singkat tentang jalur metabolik dan jalur transduksi sinyal dari dua endocannabionoid utama; Anandamide (AEA) dan 2- arachidonoyglycerol (2-AG) yang mempunyai potensi terapeutik.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v8i1.574
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