MODEL PRIORITAS UNTUK KINERJA RANTAI PASOK KAKAO DI JAWA TIMUR, INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Permasalahan mutu komoditas kakao tidak dapat dilepaskan dari rantai pasok biji kakao dan melalui rantai pasok komoditas kakao dapat dikategorikan segi aliran produk, aliran uang (modal) dan aliran informasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi mekanisme rantai pasok biji kakao yang berlangsung dan merekomendasikan prioritas kebijakan rantai pasok untuk meningkatkan mutu biji kakao di Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Penentuan wilayah penelitian dilakukan di Jawa Timur, terutama di daerah sentra pertanaman kakao bertipe perkebunan rakyat antara lain Kabupaten Madiun, Kabupaten Pacitan, Kabupaten Trenggalek dan Kabupaten Blitar. Analisis rantai pasokan dievaluasi menggunakan Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) dan merekomendasikan kinerja rantai pasok untuk meningkatkan mutu biji kakao menggunakan AHP. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rantai pasok biji kakao di Jawa Timur dengan pendekatan kerangka FSCN dapat divisualisasikan secara tepat. Sasaran yang dicapai jelas, tetapi masih perlu dikembangkan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas biji kakao. Struktur hubungan antar anggota, proses bisnis dan manajemen pemasaran sudah berjalan baik. Rantai pasok biji kakao terdiri dari 4 saluran. Manajemen rantai pasok yang diterapkan pada dasarnya telah berjalan dengan baik, namun harga biji kakao ditingkat petani masih ditentukan oleh pedagang. Secara umum proses bisnis pemasaran biji kakao berjalan lancar dilihat dari aliran produk, finansial, dan informasi. Keberhasilan rantai pasok untuk meningkatkan mutu biji kakao seyogyanya mempertimbangkan proses bisnis terintegrasi dengan sumberdaya rantai dan manajemen rantai pasok biji kakao.

Kata kunci : Rantai Pasok, Biji Kakao, Food Supply Chain Network dan AHP.

ABSTRACT

The quality problem of cocoa commodities can not be removed from the supply chain of cocoa beans and through the supply chain cocoa commodity can be categorized in terms of product flow, flow of money (capital) and information flow. The objective of the research is to identify the supply chain mechanism of cocoa beans that take place and recommend the priority supply chain policy to improve the quality of cocoa beans in East Java, Indonesia. The determination of the research area is conducted in East Java, especially in the area of cocoa planting centers with the type of plantation people such as Madiun Regency, Pacitan Regency, Trenggalek Regency and Blitar Regency. The supply chain analysis is evaluated using the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) and recommends the supply chain performance to improve the quality of cocoa beans using AHP. The results of the research can be concluded that the supply chain of cocoa beans in East Java with an approach to the FSCN framework can be visualized appropriately. The objectives are clearly achieved, but it still needs to be developed improving the quality and quantity of cocoa beans. The structure of inter-member relationships, business processes and marketing management is already good. The supply chain of cocoa beans consists of 4 channels. Supply chain management that applied basically has been running well, but the price of cocoa beans in the farmer is still determined by the trader. In general, the process of cocoa beans marketing business runs smoothly from the product flow, financial, and information. The success of the supply chain to improve the quality of cocoa beans should consider the business process integrated with the chain resources and supply chain management of cocoa beans.

Keywords: supply chain, cocoa beans, Food Supply Chain Network and AHP.