Empowering University Librarians in the Age of AI: A Study of Competence and Collaboration in Higher Education

Abstract

Research Objective. While AI offers transformative potential for information retrieval, it challenges the traditional intermediary role of academic librarians. This research explores the gap between current librarian skills and the technical-pedagogical competencies needed to navigate AI-powered reference services. Focusing on the complex ecosystem of academic libraries, this study identifies the core competencies required to optimize AI tools to meet multifaceted user needs. Research Method. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling. Data Analysis. The findings reveal that librarians have developed digital literacy through both formal and informal activities and have successfully integrated AI into various educational and information consulting services. Results. Using the B-Wheel model, the analysis shows the importance of orientation, specialization, experimentation, social learning, and the reinforcement of social norms. The role of the librarian cannot be replaced but is instead supported and enhanced by AI technologies. Conclusions. Librarian competencies are a key determinant of effective, efficient, ethical, and sustainable AI use. Librarians who are adaptive, collaborative, and reflective are the main agents of digital-era library services. Thus, librarian competencies are fundamental to the transformation of AI-based library services.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, librarian competencies, reference services, digital literacy, academic libraries