PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV DARI IBU KE BAYI
Abstract
Pelayanan PMTCT semakin menjadi perhatian dikarenakan epidemi HIV/AIDS di Indonesia meningkat
dengan cepat. Infeksi HIV dapat berdampak kepada ibu dan bayi. Dampak infeksi HIV terhadap ibu
antara lain: timbulnya stigma sosial, diskriminasi, morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Sebagian besar
infeksi HIV pada bayi disebabkan penularan dari ibu, hanya sebagian kecil yang terjadi karena proses
transfusi. Kecenderungan Infeksi HIV pada Perempuan dan Anak Meningkat oleh karenanya diperlukan
berbagai upaya untuk mencegah infeksi HIV pada perempuan, serta mencegah penularan HIV dari ibu
hamil ke bayi yaitu PMTCT (Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission). Dengan intervensi yang
baik maka risiko penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi sebesar 25 hingga 45% bisa ditekan menjadi kurang dari
2%. Intervensi tersebut meliputi 4 konsep dasar: (1) Mengurangi jumlah ibu hamil dengan HIV positif,
(2) Menurunkan viral load serendah-rendahnya, (3) Meminimalkan paparan janin/bayi terhadap darah dan
cairan tubuh ibu HIV positif, dan (4) Mengoptimalkan kesehatan dari ibu dengan HIV positif.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v0i1.2146
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