Effect of Oatmeal on TNF-alfa of Blood of White Rats Exposed to Motor Vehicles Fumes
Abstract
Background: Air pollution due to motor vehicle emissions causes several serious health problems including respiratory problems. Fumes exposure activated alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells release mediators such as LTB4, TNF-α, and IL-8. TNF-α are known induced acute inflammation and tissue damage. Oats are plant with high dietary fiber content and nutritional value. Oats are contain of antioxidant compounds source such as tocopherols and avenanthramides. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of oatmeal on TNF-α of white rats exposed to motor vehicle fumes. Methods: This research used true experiment design with Randomized Post-Test Only Control Group design using 16 white male rats divided into three groups: control group only was given standard fed (K1), second group was given standard fed and exposed with motor vehicle fumes (K2), third group was given standard fed mixed with 10 gr of oatmeal and exposed with motor vehicle fumes (K3) for ten days. After ten days of the treatment, blood of white rats from all groups will be taken intracardial then measured TNF- α levels. Results: Statistical test analyzed using SPSS Software 23. Oatmeal has an effect to decrease TNF-α levels (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study conclude that oatmeal can help reduce TNF-α levels when exposed to motor vehicle fumes.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alemayehu, G. F., Forsido, S. F., Tola, Y. B., & Amare, E. (2023). Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition and Associated Health Benefits of Oat (Avena sativa) Grains and Oat-Based Fermented Food Products. Scientific World Journal, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2730175
Bordon, J., Aliberti, S., Fernandez-Botran, R., Uriarte, S. M., Rane, M. J., Duvvuri, P., Peyrani, P., Morlacchi, L. C., Blasi, F., & Ramirez, J. A. (2013). Understanding The Roles of Cytokines and Neutrophil Activity and Neutrophil Apoptosis in the Protective Versus Deleterious Inflammatory Response in Pneumonia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.06.006
Chen, L., Deng, H., Cui, H., Fang, J., Zuo, Z., Deng, J., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Zhao, L. (2018). Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-associated Diseases in Organs. Oncotarget, 9(6):7204-7218. https://doi.org/ 10.18632/oncotarget.23208
Donado-Pestana, C. M., Belchior, T., Festuccia, W. T., & Genovese, M. I. (2015). Phenolic Compounds from Cambuci (Campomanesia Phaea O. Berg) Fruit Attenuate Glucose Intolerance and Adipose Tissue Inflammation Induced by A High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet. Food Research International, 69, 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.032
Eudes, A., Juminaga, D., Baidoo, E. E. K., Collins, F. W., Keasling, J. D., & Loqué, D. (2013). Production of Hydroxycinnamoyl Anthranilates from Glucose in Escherichia coli. Microbial Cell Factories, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-12-62
Hoesel, B., & Schmid, J. A. (2013). The Complexity of NF-κB Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. Molecular Cancer, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-12-86
Hossen, M. J., Hong, Y. D., Baek, K. S., Yoo, S., Hong, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, J. O., Kim, D., Park, J., & Cho, J. Y. (2017). In Vitro Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Compound K-Rich Fraction BIOGF1K, Prepared from Panax ginseng. Journal of Ginseng Research, 41(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.009
Jiang, X. Q., Mei, X. D., & Feng, D. (2016). Air Pollution and Chronic Airway Diseases: What Should People Know and Do?. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8, E31-E40. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.50
Koenig, R., Dickman, J. R., Kang, C., Zhang, T., Chu, Y. F., & Ji, L. L. (2014). Avenanthramide Supplementation Attenuates Exercise-Induced Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrition Journal, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-21
Korbecki, J., Bobiński, R., & Dutka, M. (2019). Self-Regulation of the Inflammatory Response by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Inflammation Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1
Kurniawati, I. D., Nurullita, U., Mifbakhuddin. (2017). Indikator Pencemaran Udara Berdasarkan Jumlah Kendaraan dan Kondisi Iklim (Studi Di Wilayah Terminal Mangkang Dan Terminal Penggaron Semarang). J. Kesehat. Masy. Indones, 12(2).
Li, W. F., Hao, D. J., Fan, T., Huang, H. M., Yao, H., & Niu, X. F. (2014). Protective Effect of Chelerythrine Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 208(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.011
Lugg, S. T., Scott, A., Parekh, D., Naidu, B., & Thickett, D. R. (2022). Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Alveolar Macrophages: Mechanisms for Lung Disease. Thorax, 77, 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216296
Markin, A. M., Markina, Y. V., Bogatyreva, A. I., Tolstik, T. V., Chakal, D. A., Breshenkov, D. G., & Charchyan, E. R. (2023). The Role of Cytokines in Cholesterol Accumulation in Cells and Atherosclerosis Progression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076426
Meo, S.A., Aldeghaither, M., Alnaeem, K.A., Alabdullatif, F.S., Alzamil, A.F., Alshunaifi, A.I., Alfayez, A.S., Almahmoud, M., Meo, A.S., El-mubarak, A.H. (2019). Effect of Motor Vehicle Pollution on Lung Function, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Cognitive Function Among School Adolescents. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 23, 8678-8686.
https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201910_19185.
Mittal, M., Siddiqui, M. R., Tran, K., Reddy, S. P., & Malik, A. B. (2014). Reactive Oxygen Species in Inflammation and Tissue Injury. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 20, 1126–1167. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2012.5149
Moriya, J. (2019). Critical Roles of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Journal of Cardiology, 73, 22–27). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.05.010
Mushtaq, A., Gul-Zaffar, ., Z., A. D., & Mehfuza, H. (2014). A Review on Oat (Avena Sativa L.) as a Dual-Purpose Crop. Scientific Research and Essays, 9(4), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2014.5820
Patra, M., Bashir, O., Amin, T., Wani, A. W., Shams, R., Chaudhary, K. S., Mirza, A. A., & Manzoor, S. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Functional Beverages from Cereal Grains-Characterization of Nutraceutical Potential, Processing Technologies and Product Types. Heliyon, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16804
Pavadhgu, P., Bumrungpert, A., Harjani, Y., & Kurilich, A. (2019). Oat
Porridge Consumption Alleviates Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Hypercholesterolemic Adults. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28(2), 260–265.
https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.201906_28(2).0008
Rahman, M. M., Rahaman, M. S., Islam, M. R., Rahman, F., Mithi, F. M., Alqahtani, T., Almikhlafi, M. A., Alghamdi, S. Q., Alruwaili, A. S., Hossain, M. S., Ahmed, M., Das, R., Emran, T. Bin, & Uddin, M. S. (2022). Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Molecules, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010233
Rahmasari, R. N., Jati, D. R., & Jumiati, J. (2023). Inventarisasi Emisi dari Sektor Transportasi Darat di Kota Pontianak. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 21(3), 627–635. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.3.627-635
Rasane, P., Jha, A., Sabikhi, L., Kumar, A., & Unnikrishnan, V. S. (2015). Nutritional Advantages of Oats and Opportunities for Its Processing as Value Added Foods - A Review. In Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 662-675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1072-1
Rodrigues, S. de O., da Cunha, C. M. C., Soares, G. M. V., Silva, P. L., Silva, A. R., & Gonçalves-De-albuquerque, C. F. (2021). Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14100979
Sari, E. G., Sofwan, M. (2021). Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions Due to Motor Vehicle Movements in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology, 6(4), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2021.6.4.7692
Sari, I. M., Erlia, J., Fitriana, D., Yusibani, E., & Fisika, J. (2015). Gas Emmision Testing of Fuel Based Vehicles at Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Aceh Physics Society (JAcPS), SS, 4. http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JAPS
van Loo, G., & Bertrand, M. J. M. (2023). Death by TNF: A Road to Inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology, 23, 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00792-3
Wang, C., & Eskiw, C. H. (2019). Cytoprotective Effects of Avenathramide C Against Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39244-9
Yusrianti. (2015). Studi Literatur tentang Pencemaran Udara akibat Aktivitas Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 1(1), 11-20.
Zhang, Y., Ni, T., Zhang, D., Liu, H., Wang, J., & Sun, B. (2020). Consumption of Avenanthramides Extracted from Oats Reduces Weight Gain, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Regulates Intestinal Microflora in High Fat Diet-Induced Mice. Journal of Functional Foods, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103774
Zou, H., Ben, T., Wu, P., Waterhouse, G. I. N., & Chen, Y. (2023). Effective Anti-Inflammatory Phenolic Compounds from Dandelion: Identification and Mechanistic Insights using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, Fluorescence Quenching and Anisotropy, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation. Food Science and Human Wellness, 12(6), 2184–2194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.031
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v13i1.3421
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sukma Sahadewa, Fara Disa Durry, Zulfan Febriawan, I Putu Agus Aris Wijaya Kusuma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
